Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus Scientific name definitions

A small, common shorebird similar in appearance to its Eurasian counterpart, the Common Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula), the Semipalmated Plover generally nests in open sites near sub-arctic lakes, marshes, and rivers and inland on dry, gravel or sparsely vegetated sites. A few populations are found south of the sub-Arctic in north temperate regions. This species is socially and most often genetically monogamous, and both sexes actively care for eggs and their precocial chicks. A medium- to long-distance migrant, it winters mainly in marine habitats, rarely inland.

Recent data suggest this plover has a stable population (Andres et al. 2012), unlike many other declining species of shorebird, perhaps owing to its versatility in food and habitat choice, and its widespread coastal winter distribution.

The open habitat and relatively tame nature and ease of capture of this species make it ideal for study on its breeding grounds. From Churchill, Manitoba, detailed long-term information is available on its breeding phenology, behavior, and population structure (Nol et al. 1997 Nol, E., M. Sullivan Blanken and L. Flynn. (1997). Sources of variation in clutch size, egg size and clutch completion dates of Semipalmated Plovers in Churchill, Manitoba. Condor 99:389-396. Close , Sullivan Blanken and Nol 1998 Sullivan Blanken, M. and E. Nol. (1998). Factors affecting parental behavior in Semipalmated Plovers. Auk 115:166-174. Close , Flynn et al. 1999 Flynn, L., E. Nol and Y. Zharikov. (1999). Philopatry, nest-site tenacity and mate fidelity of Semipalamted Plovers. Journal of Avian Biology 30:47-55. Close ). Some comparative data are also available from a disjunct population of plovers nesting on the Queen Charlotte Islands in British Columbia (Coues 1874a Coues, E. (1874). Birds of the Northwest: A handbook of the ornithology of the region drained by the Missouri River and its tributaries. U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Miscellaneous Publication 3. Washington, DC, USA. Close ), and on Akimiski (Nguyen 2005) and Southampton islands, Nunavut (Smith et al. 2007, 2010).

Because this species usually occurs in smaller and more dispersed flocks than other shorebirds do, it has rarely been the focus of migration studies. But several studies have now been conducted on its non-breeding range so information on this important period of its life cycle is now available. Migratory connectivity has also been established -- birds from particular breeding grounds tend to be found in the same wintering areas, year after year.