Red-crowned Parrot Amazona viridigenalis Scientific name definitions

Simon Kiacz, Ernesto C. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, Kelly M. Hogan, and Donald Brightsmith
Version: 2.0 — Published February 2, 2024

References

Literature Cited

  • 1. Tobias, J. A., C. Sheard, A. L. Pigot, A. J. Devenish, J. Yang, F. Sayol, M. H. Neate‐Clegg, N. Alioravainen, T. L. Weeks, R. A. Barber, P. A. Walkden, et al. (2022). Avonet: Morphological, ecological and geographical data for all birds. Ecology Letters 25:581–597. https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.13898
  • 2. Mabb, K. T. (1997). Nesting Behavior of Amazona Parrots and Rose-ringed Parakeets in the San Gabriel Valley, California. Western Birds 28:209-217.
  • 3. Ridgway, R. (1916). The birds of North and Middle America, Pt 7. United States National Museum Bulletin 50.
  • 4. Forshaw, J. M. (1989). Parrots of the world. 3rd ed. Melbourne, Australia: Lansdowne Editions.
  • 5. Forshaw, J.M. (2006). Parrots of the World: an Identification Guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.
  • 6. Forshaw, J. M. (2010). Parrots of the World. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.
  • 7. Howell, S. N. G., and S. Webb (1995). A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America. Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA.
  • 8. Collar, N. J. (1997). Family Psittacidae (parrots). In Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 4. Sandgrouse to Cuckoos (J. Del Hoyo, A. Elliott, and J. Sargatal, Editors). Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain. pp. 280–477.
  • 9. Juniper, T., and M. Parr (1998). Parrots: A Guide to the Parrots of the World. Pica Press, Robertsbridge, UK.
  • 10. Pyle, P. (2022). Identification Guide to North American Birds. Part I, Second Edition. Slate Creek Press, Forest Knolls, CA, USA. http://slatecreekpress.com
  • 11. Wozniak, S., and W. Lantermann (1984). Breeding the Green-cheeked Amazon Parrot Amazona virdigenalis at the ornithological institute, Oberhausen, Germany. Aviculture Magazine 90:195–197.
  • 12. Pyle, P. (2013). Evolutionary implications of synapomorphic wing-molt sequences among falcons (Falconiformes) and parrots (Psittaciformes). Condor 115:593–602.
  • 13. Peterson, R. T., and E. L. Chalif (1989). Aves de México: Guía de Campo. Editorial Diana, Mexico City, Mexico.
  • 14. Kalodimos, N. P. (2013). The status and comparative nesting phenology of the red-crowned amazon on O’ahu, Hawai’i. ‘Elepaio 73:1–3.
  • 15. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, E. C. (1995). Comparative ecology and reproductive biology of three species of Amazona parrots in northeastern Mexico. Ph.D. dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
  • 16. Humphrey, P. S., and K. C. Parkes (1959). An approach to the study of molts and plumages. Auk 76(1):1–31. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/auk/v076n01/p0001-p0031.pdf
  • 17. Howell, S. N. G., C. Corben, P. Pyle, and D. I. Rogers (2003). The first basic problem: a review of molt and plumage homologies. Condor 105:635–653. https://doi.org/10.1650/7225
  • 18. Cassin, J. (1853). Descriptions of new species of Hirundinidae and Psittacidae, specimens of which are in the collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 6:369‒373. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/1779907#page/391/mode/1up
  • 19. Russello, M. A., and G. Amato (2004). A molecular phylogeny of Amazona: implications for Neotropical parrot biogeography, taxonomy and conservation. Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution 30(2):421–437.
  • 20. Smith, B. T., J. Merwin, K. L. Provost, G. Thom, R. T. Brumfield, M. Ferreira, W. M. Mauck III, R. G. Moyle, T. E. Wright, and L. Joseph (2023). Phylogenomic analysis of the parrots of the world distinguishes artifactual from biological sources of gene tree discordance. Systematic Biology 72(1):228-241 https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syac055
  • 21. eBird (2022). eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. eBird, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. Available: http://www.ebird.org. http://www.ebird.org
  • 22. Jordan, R. (1998). Thoughts on Hybridization. AFA Watchbird 25:12-12.
  • 23. Hernández‐Brito, D., J. L. Tella, M. Carrete, and G. Blanco (2021). Successful hybridization between non‐congeneric parrots in a small introduced population. Ibis 163:1093-1098.
  • 24. McCarthy, E. M. (2006). Handbook of Avian Hybrids of the World. Oxford University Press, Oxford, United Kingdom.
  • 25. Birkenstein, L. R., and R. E. Tomlinson (1981). Native names of Mexico birds. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Research Publication 139. Washington, DC, USA.
  • 26. López Olvera, José Daniel. (2013). Mecanismos establecidos por la legislación mexicana para aprovechar y conservar a los psitaciformes, y análisis de las reformas a la Ley general de vida silvestre de octubre de 2008. (Tesis de Licenciatura). Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México. https://repositorio.unam.mx/contenidos/444466
  • 27. Jobling, J. A. (2010). The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. A. & C. Black, London, UK.
  • 28. Monterrubio-Rico, T. C., J. F. Charre-Medellín, C. Pacheco-Figueroa, S. Arriaga-Weiss, J. de Dios Valdez-Leal, R. Cancino-Murillo, G. Escalona-Segura, C. Bonilla-Ruz, and Y. Rubio-Rocha (2016). Distribución potencial histórica y contemporánea de la familia Psittacidae en México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad 87:1103–1117.
  • 29. Kiacz, Simon, Hsiao-Hsuan Wang, and Donald J. Brightsmith. "Presence of Endangered Red-Crowned Parrots (Amazona viridigenalis) Depends on Urban Landscapes." Diversity 15.7 (2023): 878. https://doi.org/10.3390/d15070878
  • 30. Calzada Preston, C. E., and S. Pruett-Jones (2021). The number and distribution of introduced and naturalized parrots. Diversity 13:412.
  • 31. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, E. C. (1995). Status de Amazona oratrix y Amazona viridigenalis en Mexico. In Fauna Silvestre Amenazada en Mexico (G. Ceballos and D. Navarro, Editors). CONABIO-Fondo de Cultura Economica, Mexico City, Mexico. pp. 45–56.
  • 32. Garrett, K. L. 2018. Introducing change: A current look at naturalized bird species in western North America. In Trends and Traditions: Avifaunal Change in Western North America (W. D. Shuford, R. E. Gill Jr., and C. M. Handel, Editors), Studies of Western Birds 3. Western Field Ornithologists, Camarillo, CA, USA. pp. 116–130. https://doi.org/10.21199/SWB3.5
  • 33. Uehling, J. J., J. Tallant, and S. Pruett-Jones (2019). Status of naturalized parrots in the United States. Journal of Ornithology 160:1–15.
  • 34. Uehling, J. J., J. Tallant, and S. Pruett-Jones (2021). Introduced and naturalized parrots in the United States. In Naturalized Parrots of the World: Distribution, Ecology, and Impacts of the World's Most Colorful Colonizers (S. Pruett-Jones, Editor). Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.
  • 35. Pranty, B., and S. Epps (2002). Distribution, population status, and documentation of exotic parrots in Broward County, Florida. Florida Field Naturalist 30(4):111–131.
  • 36. Epps, S. A. (2007). Parrots of South Florida. Pineapple Press, Sarasota, FL, USA.
  • 37. Falcón, W., and R. L. Tremblay (2018). From the cage to the wild: Introductions of Psittaciformes to Puerto Rico. PeerJ 6:e5669.
  • 38. VanderWerf, E., and N. P. Kalodimos (2021). Status of naturalized parrots in the Hawaiian Islands. In Naturalized Parrots of the World: Distribution, Ecology, and Impacts of the World’s Most Colorful Colonizers (S. Pruett-Jones, Editor). Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA. pp. 211–226.
  • 39. Monterrubio-Rico, T. C., and P. Escalante-Pliego (2006). Richness, distribution and conservation status of cavity nesting birds in Mexico. Biological Conservation 128:67–78.
  • 40. Casto, S. D. (2010). Nineteenth Century Reports of Parrots in Texas. Texas Ornithological Society 43:71.
  • 41. Iñigo-Elias, E. E., and M. A. Ramos (1991). The psittacine trade in Mexico. In Neotropical Wildlife Use and Conservation (J. G. Robinson and K. H. Redford, Editors). University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, USA. pp. 380–392.
  • 42. Walker, S., and J. Chapman (1992). Valley of the parrots. Texas Parks and Wildlife 1992(II):37–41.
  • 43. Kiacz, S., C. E. Shackelford, A. K. Henehan, and D. J. Brightsmith (2021). History, status, and productivity of the Red-crowned Amazon Amazona viridigenalis in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Bird Conservation International 31:519–533.
  • 44. Neck, R. W. (1986). Expansion of Red-crowned Parrot, Amazona viridigenalis, into southern Texas and changes in agricultural practices in northern Mexico. Bulletin of the Texas Ornithological Society 19:6–12.
  • 45. Lasley, G. W., and C. Sexton (1985). South Texas Region. American Birds 39:933–936.
  • 46. Cantu, J., M. E. S. Saldana, M. Grosselet, and J. S. Gamez (2007). The illegal parrot trade in Mexico: a comprehensive assessment. Defenders of Wildlife, Washington, DC, USA.
  • 47. Puig, H. (1991). Vegetación de la Huasteca, México. Mexico: Instituto de Ecologia, A. C. Xalapa.
  • 48. Gehlbach, F. R., D. O. Dillion, H. L. Harrell, S. E. Kennedy, and K. R. Wilson (1976). Avifauna of the Rio Corona, Tamaulipas, Mexico: Northeastern limit of the tropics. Auk 93:53-65.
  • 49. Clinton-Eitniear, J. (1986). Status of the Green-cheeked Amazon in northeastern Mexico. Watchbird 13:22–24.
  • 50. Clinton-Eitniear, J. (1988). Green-cheeked Amazon update. Watchbird 15:28–29.
  • 51. Brightsmith, D. J., and E. Enkerlin-Hoeflich (2015). Amazon Parrots in Tamaulipas, Mexico: Back to the Ranch 20 Years Later. AFA Watchbird 42:46–52.
  • 52. Garrett, K. L. (1998). Population trends and ecological attributes of introduced parrots, doves and finches in California. In Proceedings of the 18th Vertebrate Pest Conference (R. O. Baker and A. C. Crabb, Editors). University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
  • 53. Meseck, K. A. (2013). Habitat distribution for non-native Amazona viridigenalis within San Diego County using Maxent predictive model. M.S. thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
  • 54. Garrett, K. L., K. T. Mabb, C. T. Collins, and L. M. Kares (1997). Food items of naturalized parrots in southern California. Western Birds 28:196–201.
  • 55. Mabb, K. T. (1997). Roosting behavior of naturalized parrots in the San Gabriel Valley, California. Western Birds 28(4):202–208. http://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wb/v28n04/p0202-p0208.pdf
  • 56. Aragón-Tapia, A. (1986). Estudio técnico sobre la distribución y problación relativa de la familia Psitacidae en Tamaulipas. Secretaria de Desarrollo Urbano y Ecología, Tamaulipas, Ciudad Victoria, Mexico.
  • 57. Froke, J. B. (1981). Populations, movements, foraging, and nesting of feral Amazona parrots in southern California. M.S. thesis, California State University, Humboldt, CA, USA.
  • 58. Tella, J. L., A. Baños-Villalba, D. Hernández-Brito, A. Rojas, E. Pacífico, J. A. Díaz-Luque, M. Carrete, G. Blanco, and F. Hiraldo (2015). Parrots as overlooked seed dispersers. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 13:338–339.
  • 59. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, E. C., A. N. Correa-Sandoval, J. J. González-Elizondo, T. López de Lara, and J. L. Manzano Loza (1996). Ecologia alimenticia de tres especies simpatricas de loros (Amazona) en paisajes pertubados del noreste de Mexico e implicaciones para su conervación. XXI Intercambio de Experiencias de Investigación del Sistema ITESM, Monterrey, Mexico.
  • 60. Gehlbach, F. R. (1987). Natural history sketches, densities, and biomass of breeding birds in evergreen forests of the Rio Grande, Texas and Rio Corona, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Texas Journal of Science 39:241–251.
  • 61. Martin, P. S., C. R. Robins, and W. B. Heed (1954) Birds and biogeography of the Sierra de Tamaulipas, an isolated pine-oak habitat. Wilson Bulletin 66(1):38–57.
  • 62. Collar, N. J., L. P. Gonzaga, N. Krabbe, A. Madroño Nieto, L. G. Naranjo, T. A. Parker, and D. C. Wege (1992). Threatened birds of the Americas. The ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book. Third edition, part 2. International Council for Bird Preservation, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
  • 63. Garrett, K. L., K. T. Mabb, and C. T. Collins (1997). Food items of naturalized parrots in southern California. Western Birds 28:196–201.
  • 64. Bucher, T. L. (1985). Ventilation and oxygen consumption in Amazona viridigenalis. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 155:269–276.
  • 65. Pozulp, A., 2021. Duet Phonology and Syntax of the Red-Crowned Parrots in South Texas. M.S. thesis, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas, USA.
  • 66. Salinas-Melgoza, A., and T. F. Wright (2012). Evidence for vocal learning and limited dispersal as dual mechanisms for dialect maintenance in a parrot. PloS One 7:e48667.
  • 67. Pieplow, N. (2019). Peterson field guide to bird sounds of western North America. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, MA, USA.
  • 68. Dahlin, C.R., Wright, T.F., 2012. Duet function in the yellow‐naped amazon, Amazona auropalliata: Evidence from playbacks of duets and solos. Ethology 118, 95-105.
  • 69. Fernández-Juricic, E., Martella, M.B., Alvarez, E.V., 1998. Vocalizations of the blue-fronted amazon (Amazona aestiva) in the Chancani Reserve, Cordoba, Argentina. The Wilson Bulletin, 352-361.
  • 70. Wright, T.F., Dahlin, C.R., Salinas-Melgoza, A., 2008. Stability and change in vocal dialects of the yellow-naped amazon. Animal Behaviour 76, 1017-1027.
  • 71. Hall, M.L., 2009. A review of vocal duetting in birds. Advances in the Study of Behavior 40, 67-121.
  • 72. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, E. C. (1995a). Comparative ecology and reproductive biology of three sympatric species of Amazona parrots in Northeast Mexico. Ph.D. diss., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX.
  • 73. Pérez, J. J. (1986). Aspectos de historia natural y perspectivas de manejo de los pericos Amazona ochrocephala y A. viridigenalis en el Estado de Tamaulipas, Mexico. Senior thesis, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Distrito Federal, Mexico.
  • 74. Snyder, N.F.R. (1987). The Parrots of Luquillo: Natural History and Conservation of the Puerto Rican Parrot. Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology, Los Angeles.
  • 75. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, E. C., M. J. Whiting and L. Coronado-Limón. (1993). Attempted predation on chicks of the threatened Green-cheeked Amazon Parrot. Snake 25:141-143.
  • 76. Renton, K. and Salinas-Melgoza, A. (1999). Nesting behavior of the Lilac-crowned Parrot. Wilson Bulletin 111(4): 488–493. https://sora.unm.edu/sites/default/files/journals/wilson/v111n04/p0488-p0493.pdf
  • 77. Koenig, S. E. (2001). The breeding biology of Black-billed Parrot Amazona agilis and Yellow-billed Parrot Amazona collaria in cockpit country, Jamaica. Bird Conservation International 11:205-225.
  • 78. Millam, J.R., Kenton, B., Jochim, L., Brownback, T. and Brice, A.T. (1995). Breeding Orange-winged Amazon Parrots in captivity. Zoo Biology 14(3): 275-284.
  • 79. White Jr, T. H., W. Abreu‐González, M. Toledo‐González, and P. Torres‐Báez (2005). From the field: artificial nest cavities for Amazona parrots. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33:756-760.
  • 80. Renton, K. 2020. Lilac-crowned Parrot (Amazona finschi), version 1.0. in T. S. Schulenberg, editor. Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
  • 81. Seixas, G. H. F., and G. de Miranda Mourão. 2002. Nesting success and hatching survival of the Blue-fronted Amazon (Amazona aestiva) in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Journal of Field Ornithology 73:399-409.
  • 82. Sanz, V. and Rodríguez-Ferraro, A (2006). Reproductive parameters and productivity of the Yellow-shouldered Parrot on Margarita Island, Venezuela: a long-term study. Condor. 108:178–192.
  • 83. Berkunsky, I., L. N. Segura, R. M. Aramburú, R. A. Ruggera, W. S. Svagelj, and J. C. Reboreda. 2016. Nest survival and predation in Blue-fronted Parrots Amazona aestiva: Effects of nesting behaviour and cavity characteristics. Ardea 104:143-151.
  • 84. Young, A. M., E. A. Hobson, L. B. Lackey, and T. F. Wright (2012). Survival on the ark: Life‐history trends in captive parrots. Animal Conservation 15:28–43.
  • 85. Snyder, N. F. R., J. W. Wiley and C. B. Kepler. (1987c). The parrots of Luquillo: natural history and conservation of the Puerto Rican Parrot. Los Angeles, CA: West. Found. Vertebr. Zool.
  • 86. Pérez, J. J. and L. E. Eguiarte. (1989). Situacion actual de tres especies del genero Amazona (A. ochrocephala, A. viridigenalis, y A. autumanlis) en el Noreste de Mexico. Vida Sylvestre Neotrop.:63-67.
  • 87. Castro, A. G. (1976). Estudio de las prblaciones de cotarras frente roja (Amazona viridigenalis) y el loro cabeza amarilla (A. ochrocephala) en la costa de Tamaulipas, México. Mexico, D. F.: Dirección General de Flora y Fauna Silvestre, Subsecretaria Forestal y de la Fauna.
  • 88. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, E. C. 2000. Loro tamaulipeco. Pages 222-230 in G. C. Gonzalez and L. M. Valdelamar, editors. Las aves de Mexico en peligro de extincion. UNAM, Instituto de Ecologia Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad Fondo de Cultura Economica
  • 89. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (2019). Species status assessment report for red-crowned parrot (Amazona viridigenalis), Version 3.0. Albuquerque, NM, USA.
  • 90. BirdLife International (2023). Species factsheet: Amazona viridigenalis. www.birdlife.org
  • 91. Garrett, K. L. (1997). Population status and distribution of naturalized parrots in southern California. Western Birds 28(4):181–195.
  • 92. Garrett, K. (2020). Twenty-five years of persistence and change in the naturalized parrots of Southern California. in North American Ornithological Conference VII, Virtual.
  • 93. Hardy, J. W. (1973). Feral exotic birds in southern California. Wilson Bulletin 85:506–512.
  • 94. eBird (2023). eBird: An online database of bird distribution and abundance [web application]. eBird, Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, New York. Available: http://www.ebird.org. http://www.ebird.org
  • 95. Dénes, F. V., J. L. Tella, and S. R. Beissinger. 2018. Revisiting methods for estimating parrot abundance and population size. Emu-Austral Ornithology 118:67-79.
  • 96. Zulian, V., E. S. Müller, K. L. Cockle, A. Lesterhuis, R. T. Júnior, N. P. Prestes, J. Martinez, M. Kéry, and G. Ferraz. 2020. Addressing multiple sources of uncertainty in the estimation of global parrot abundance from roost counts: A case study with the Vinaceous-breasted Parrot (Amazona vinacea). Biological Conservation 248:108672.
  • 97. Domínguez-Sánchez, Santiago (2020). List of species of Mexico at risk and protected by the NOM-059. In dataMares: Ecosystem Dynamics. UC San Diego Library Digital Collections. https://doi.org/10.6075/J0CN72FQ https://doi.org/10.6075/J0CN72FQ
  • 98. United States Department of the Interior, 2019. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Findings on Petitions To List Eight Species as Endangered or Threatened Species. Fed. Reg. Vol. 84. No. 65., p. 13273
  • 99. Pires, S., Clarke, R.V., 2012. Are parrots CRAVED? An analysis of parrot poaching in Mexico. Journal of research in crime and delinquency 49, 122-146.
  • 100. Mabb, K.T., 2003. Naturalized Parrot Roost Flock Characteristics and Habitat Utilization in a Suburban Area of Los Angeles County, California. M.S. Thesis. California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California.
  • 101. Kiacz, S., and D. J. Brightsmith (2021). Naturalized Parrots: Conservation and Research Opportunities. In Naturalized Parrots of the World: Distribution, Ecology, and Impacts of the World's Most Colorful Colonizers (S. Pruett-Jones, Editor). Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, USA.
  • 102. Lindsey, G. D. (1992). Nest guarding from observation blinds: strategy for improving Puerto Rican Parrot nest success. Journal of Field Ornithology 63:466-472.
  • Additional References

    • Chapman, C. A., L. J. Chapman, and L. Lefebvre (1989). Variability in parrot flock size: possible functions of communal roosts. Condor 91:842–847.
    • Hall, L. A. (1988). Habitat variables which influence the dissemination and colonization of introduced psittacines in southern California. M.S. thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA.
    • Kirwan, G. M., A. Levesque, M. Oberle, and C. J. Sharpe (2019). Birds of the West Indies. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona, Spain.
    • Ríos-Muñoz, C. A., and A. G. Navarro-Sigüenza (2009). Efectos del cambio de uso de suelo en la disponibilidad hipotética de hábitat para los psitácidos de México. Ornitología Neotropical 20(4):491–509. https://www.academia.edu/2455229/Efectos_del_cambio_de_uso_de_suelo_en_la_disponibilidad_hipotetica_de_habitat_para_los_psitacidos_de_Mexico
    • Waugh, D. R. (2015). Después de 20 años hay buenas noticias de las amazonas de Tamaulipas en México. Atualidades Ornitológicas 183:14–15.

Recommended Citation

Kiacz, S., E. C. Enkerlin-Hoeflich, K. M. Hogan, and D. Brightsmith (2024). Red-crowned Parrot (Amazona viridigenalis), version 2.0. In Birds of the World (P. G. Rodewald and B. K. Keeney, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.recpar.02
Birds of the World

Partnerships

A global alliance of nature organizations working to document the natural history of all bird species at an unprecedented scale.