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House Finch

Haemorhous mexicanus

Order:
Passeriformes
Family:
Fringillidae
Sections
  • Version: 2.0 — Published May 25, 2012
  • Alexander V. Badyaev, Virginia Belloni, and Geoffrey E. Hill
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The Introduction Article is just the first of 11 articles in each species account that provide life history information for the species. The remaining articles provide detailed information regarding distribution, migration, habitat, diet, sounds, behavior, breeding, current population status and conservation. Each species account also includes a multimedia section that displays the latest photos, audio selections and videos from Macaulay Library’s extensive galleries. Written and continually updated by acknowledged experts on each species, Birds of North America accounts include a comprehensive bibliography of published research on the species.

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Figure 1. Distribution range of the House Finch.
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Male House Finch, Carmel Valley, CA, 13 July,

In summer, House Finches can become very worn. On this male note the worn overall plumage, and also the mix of yellow and reddish feathers in the face and breast. The following is a link to this photographer's website: http://www.flickr.com/photos/oceanites/.

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Female House Finch, Carmel Valley, CA, 13 July.

Unlike both Cassin's and Purple Finches, male House Finches molt into their red plumage during the first fall, so this summer bird is an adult female. Note the small bill, streaked underparts, and plain head pattern typical of the species. The following is a link to this photographer's website: http://www.flickr.com/photos/oceanites/.

This species account is dedicated in honor of Scott Edwards, member of the Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Administrative Board.

One of the most common and numerous birds throughout much of the contiguous United States, southern Canada, and Mexico, the House Finch is a bird of remarkable records. From a few California individuals released from a pet store in New York City in 1939, and through natural expansion of its western range, in just a few decades this species came to occupy one of the widest ecological ranges of any extant bird. Originally a bird of hot deserts and dry open habitats of the southwest, it now occurs in nearly all types of landscapes and climates in North America, from edges of northern taiga to ocean coasts to metropolitan areas.

Such dramatic expansion of ecological range has been associated with striking phenotypic diversification in morphology and physiology, enabling the persistence of this species under diverse ecological conditions. In 1994, the explosive growth of House Finch populations across North America was interrupted by one of the worst epizootics in history – an outbreak of mycoplasmosis that killed millions of individuals across the continent and drove many small populations to near extinction. The combination of local abundance and wide distribution, exceptional invasive and acclimation abilities, striking phenotypic variation (including carotenoid-based plumage ornamentation), ongoing evolution of disease resistance, and well-documented history of population fluctuations has made the House Finch one of North America's best studied birds.

Recommended Citation

Badyaev, A. V., V. Belloni, and G. E. Hill (2012). House Finch (Haemorhous mexicanus), version 2.0. In The Birds of North America (A. F. Poole, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bna.46